50 research outputs found
Turn-taking patterns in human discourse and their impact on group communication service design
Recent studies demonstrated the benefit of integrating speaker prediction features into the design of group-communication services supporting multiparty online discourse. This paper aims at delivering a more elaborate analysis of speaker prediction by analyzing a larger volume of data. Moreover, it tests the existence of speakers dominating speaking time. Towards this end, we analyze tens of hours of recorded meeting and lecture sessions. Our principal results for meeting-like interaction manifest that the next speaker is one of the last four speakers with over 90% probability. This is seen consistently across our data with little variance (standard deviation of 8.71%) independent of the total number of potential speakers. Furthermore, lecture time is in most cases significantly dominated by the tutor. In meetings, although a single dominating speaker is always evident, domination exhibited high variability. Generally, our findings strengthen and further motivate the act of incorporating user-beha vior awareness into group communication service desig
OFLoad: An OpenFlow-based dynamic load balancing strategy for datacenter networks
The latest tremendous growth in the Internet traffic has determined the entry into a new era of mega-datacenters, meant to deal with this explosion of data traffic. However this big data with its dynamically changing traffic patterns and flows might result in degradations of the application performance eventually affecting the network operators’ revenue. In this context there is a need for an intelligent and efficient network management system that makes the best use of the available bisection bandwidth abundance to achieve high utilization and performance. This paper proposes OFLoad, an OpenFlow-based dynamic load balancing strategy for datacenter networks that enables the efficient use of the network resources capacity. A real experimental prototype is built and the proposed solution is compared against other solutions from the literature in terms of load-balancing. The aim of OFLoad is to enable the instant configuration of the network by making the best use of the available resources at the lowest cost and complexity
A Software-defined SoC Memory Bus Bridge Architecture for Disaggregated Computing
Disaggregation and rack-scale systems have the potential of drastically
decreasing TCO and increasing utilization of cloud datacenters, while
maintaining performance. While the concept of organising resources in separate
pools and interconnecting them together on demand is straightforward, its
materialisation can be radically different in terms of performance and scale
potential.
In this paper, we present a memory bus bridge architecture which enables
communication between 100s of masters and slaves in todays complex
multiprocessor SoCs, that are physically intregrated in different chips and
even different mainboards. The bridge tightly couples serial transceivers and a
circuit network for chip-to-chip transfers. A key property of the proposed
bridge architecture is that it is software-defined and thus can be configured
at runtime, via a software control plane, to prepare and steer memory access
transactions to remote slaves. This is particularly important because it
enables datacenter orchestration tools to manage the disaggregated resource
allocation. Moreover, we evaluate a bridge prototype we have build for ARM AXI4
memory bus interconnect and we discuss application-level observed performance.Comment: 3rd International Workshop on Advanced Interconnect Solutions and
Technologies for Emerging Computing Systems (AISTECS 2018, part of HiPEAC
2018
Performance evaluation of hybrid optical switch architecture for data center networks
In response to the need for high bandwidth and power efficient data center interconnection networks, different interconnects have been proposed based on the optical technology used: micro-electromechanical system (MEMS), optical cross connects (OXCs), arrayed waveguide grating routers (AWGRs) and semiconductor optical amplifier (SOAs). MEMS switches are based on mature technology, have low insertion loss and cross-talk, and are data rate inde-pendent. They are also the most scalable and the cheapest class of optical switches. However, the reconfiguration time of these switches is of the order of tens of milliseconds while fast optical switches have switching time in the range of a few nanoseconds. Fast optical switches can be based on AWGRs in conjunction with tunable wavelength converters or tunable lasers or they are based on SOAs in broadcast-and-select architecture. In this paper, we propose an optical interconnect architecture for the large scale data centers. The proposed interconnect: Hybrid Optical Switch Architecture (HOSA) is a hybrid design that features slow and fast optical switches. The hybrid design leverages strengths of both types of optical switches. To reduce complexity, we employ a single stage core topology that can be easily scaled up (in capacity) and scaled out (in the number of racks) without requiring major re-cabling and network reconfiguration. We investigate the scalability of the HOSA and show that by using a single stage core topology, it can be scaled to a hundreds of thousands of servers. We also investigate a trade-off between cost and power consumption of our design by comparing it with other well-known interconnects by using analytical modelling. We demonstrate power efficiency as compared to other conventional interconnects on account of upfront CAPEX but the additional CAPEX incurred in deploying our solution instead of traditional architecture is mitigated to some extent by reduced OPEX, due to its greater energy efficiency. We evaluate the performance of the system using network-level simulation by considering diverse workload communication patterns and system design parameters. Our results show low latency and high throughput with different workload communication patterns
Software-controlled next generation optical circuit switching for HPC and cloud computing datacenters
In this paper, we consider the performance of optical circuit switching (OCS)
systems designed for data center networks by using network-level simulation. Recent
proposals have used OCS in data center networks but the relatively slow switching times of
OCS-MEMS switches (10–100 ms) and the latencies of control planes in these approaches
have limited their use to the largest data center networks with workloads that last several
seconds. Herein, we extend the applicability and generality of these studies by considering
dynamically changing short-lived circuits in software-controlled OCS switches, using the
faster switching technologies that are now available. The modelled switch architecture
features fast optical switches in a single hop topology with a centralized, software-defined
optical control plane. We model different workloads with various traffic aggregation
parameters to investigate the performance of such designs across usage patterns. Our
results show that, with suitable choices for the OCS system parameters, delay performance
comparable to that of electrical data center networks can be obtained
Performance evaluation of TCP over software-defined optical burst-switched data centre network
In this paper, we consider the performance of TCP when used in data centre networks (DCNs) featuring
optical burst switching (OBS) using two-way reservation. The two-way reservation is not suitable in
wide-area OBS networks due to high bandwidth-delay product (BDP). The burst loss using traditional
methods of one-way reservation can be mistakenly interpreted by the TCP layer as congestion instead
of contention in OBS network, leading to serious degradation of the TCP performance. The reduced BDP
in DCNs allows the use of two-way reservation that results in zero burst loss. The modelled architecture
features fast optical switches in a single hop topology. We apply different workloads with various burst
assembly parameters to evaluate the performance of TCP. Our results show significant improvement in
TCP performance as compared to traditional methods of OBS as well as to a conventional electronic packet
switching DCN
Software-defined optical burst switching for HPC and cloud computing data centers
In this paper, we assess the performance of
techniques for optical burst switching (OBS) designed for
high performance computing (HPC) and cloud computing
data center networks (DCNs) by using network-level simulation. We consider short-duration bursts using the faster
switching technologies that are now available. The modeled switch architecture features fast optical switches in
a single-hop topology with a centralized, software-defined
optical control plane. Instead of using OBS with traditional
methods (i.e., one-way reservation), we consider OBS with a
two-way reservation protocol that results in zero burst loss.
We model different workloads with various data rates by
considering different edge-to-core network oversubscription ratios to investigate the performance of such designs
across usage patterns. Our results reveal that the proposed
technique shows considerable improvement in terms of
throughput and packet loss ratio and comparable performance in terms of delay when compared to traditional
methods of OB
Power considerations towards a sustainable pan-european network
Energy savings are observed and quantified in the Pan-European network using transparent optical network technology. The network was dimensioned, using realistic traffic predictions of the optical networking roadmap of the European project BONE